Abstract: Lobomycosis or lacaziosis is a chronic granulomatous fungal infection caused by Lacazia loboi. Most cases are restricted to tropical regions. Transmission is believed to occur through traumatic inoculation in the skin, mainly in exposed areas. It is characterized by keloid-like nodules. There are only a few hundred cases reported. The differential diagnoses include many skin conditions, and treatment is difficult. The reported case, initially diagnosed as keloid, proved to be refractory to surgical treatment alone. It was subsequently approached with extensive surgery, cryotherapy every three months and a combination of itraconazole and clofazimine for two years. No signs of clinical and histopathological activity were detected during follow-up.

FUNDAMENTOS: Elastólise pós-inflamatória e cutis laxa são doenças raras, porém só o Estado de Minas Gerais responde por quase um terço dos casos relatados em todo o mundo. Também são escassos os trabalhos com seguimento dos pacientes. OBJETIVOS: Relatar nove casos observados no período de 1981 a 2004, confrontando seus achados com os 20 casos da literatura. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas variáveis epidemiológicas, clínicas, histopatológicas e terapêuticas. RESULTADOS: Foram observados o predomínio na raça negra (8:1), no sexo feminino (4:1) e nos trópicos (9:1); idade de início até os quatro anos (93%); deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina (7%); aortite (7%); dermatoses relacionadas (62%); aspecto facial envelhecido (97%), fase atrófica estável na infância após período variável de meses a anos com lesões inflamatórias (97%). A histopatologia das lesões recentes mostrou infiltrado mais intenso e perda elástica menor do que nas lesões tardias. A cirurgia de reconstrução deu bons resultados na fase atrófica, enquanto o ácido retinóico tópico a 0,05% não foi efetivo. CONCLUSÕES: A elastólise pós-inflamatória e cutis laxa na fase aguda correlacionaram-se com diversas dermatoses inflamatórias, que promoveram elastólise (62%). A abordagem adequada dessas doenças pode diminuir a extensão do quadro atrófico final, que tem como boa opção terapêutica a cirurgia reconstrutora. Sugere-se pesquisar a deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina.

BACKGROUND: Although rare diseases, one third of all cases of post-inflammatory elastolysis and cutis laxa published in the international literature are from the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. Reports with long term follow-up of these patients are also scarce. OBJECTIVES: To report nine cases observed from 1981 to 2004 and compare the findings with 20 cases described in the literature. METHODS: Epidemiological, clinical, pathological and therapeutical variables were assessed. RESULTS: The onset of the disease is usually up to the age of four years (93%), and it is more common in African Americans (8:1), females (4:1) and in tropical climate (9:1). Other features include alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (7%), aortitis (7%), related skin conditions (62%), premature facial ageing (97%) and stable atrophic phase during childhood after months or years with inflammatory lesions (97%). Biopsies of recent lesions showed a more intense inflammatory infiltrate and less elastolysis than those obtained from older lesions. Reconstructive surgery yielded good results during atrophic phase and 0.05% topical tretinoin was ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: In 62% of patients the acute phase of post-inflammatory elastolysis and cutis laxa is associated with different elastolysis-promoting inflammatoy dermatoses. The correct management of these conditions may reduce severity of atrophic lesions, which can also be treated by reconstructive surgery. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency should be investigated.